Classical Theory Of Turgot Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Old style Theory Of Turgot Essay, Research Paper Nancee Human science 3000 M-W-F 12:20-1:18 Last Outline Old style Theory of Turgot I. Presentation A. Puting the scene-Turgot as Minister of Finance in France B. Who was Turgot? What was his true to life foundation? What twelvemonth would he say he was conceived? II. Body A. Turgot? s foundation 1. Society as a voyaging being 2. Turgot as an old style dynamic 3. Turgot surrendered his bringing in the congregation for common assistance B. Turgot? s Education 1. School Louis-le-Grand 2. School du Plessis 3. Theological school of Saint Sulpice C. Turgot? s most commended creation 1. Reflections sur la development et la dispersion diethylstilbestrols riches D. Turgot? s impacts 1. Comte purchases in to Turgot? s hypothesis of society as a voyaging life form associated in parts 2. Condorcet and Smith are affected by Turgot E. Turgot? s change musings 1. Turgot was a brain and a theoretician 2. Turgot loses his ubiquity 3. Turgot proposes income upgrade of landholders 4. Turgot? s fund upheaval comes up short F. Early Europe and Turgot 1. Imbalance and corruptness were in specialists and society 2. Social and monetary disparities 3. Promoters become vocal during the rule of Louis XVI III. Choice A. Turgot Retires 1. Obstruction incorporates every single advantaged bunch each piece great as the sovereign 2. Turgot declines an annuity and resigns to an existence of logical, verifiable, and artistic overview # 8220 ; Each individual is the solitary able equity of the most profitable utilization of his territories and of his work. # 8221 ; - Turgot It was 1774, and decennaries of costly and unadvised specialists adventures left the legislature of Louis the XVI in financial issues broadened and shaking, once again, on the outskirt of insolvency. Subsequently was the situation when Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, the noble de l # 8217 ; Aulne, was selected France # 8217 ; s Minister of Finance. A.R.J. Turgot was conceived in Paris on May 10, 1727, to a recognized Norman family unit which had filled in as of import imperial functionaries. The Turgot family unit had for some time been praised, however their initial history is somewhat ambiguous. One story is they were of Norse start and another history is that the family unit was initially from Scotland. Either way he originated from an agreeable, upper classification, white family. He passed on at 54 years old mature ages old, of urarthritis, the family unit malady ( Columbia Encyclopedia 1993 ) . TURGOT # 8217 ; S BACKGROUND Turgot composed a figure of plants. He started with? The Barmecides, a catastrophe? what's more, closes with? On Luxury, political examinations? ; and in the middle of these are 48 others, remembering plants for cosmopolitan history, the start of etymological correspondences, love and marriage, political geographics, normal holiness, profound quality, monetary sciences, and a lot more ( Meek 1973 ) . Very few of Turgot? s Hagiographas were distributed during his life-time. Most appeared in periodicals and letters. ? The entire human race, through interchange times of leftover portion and distress, of grain and enduring, continues advancing, in spite of the fact that at a moderate stride, towards more noteworthy flawlessness. ? - Turgot Turgot? s felt that society returns obviously and thusly was bound to be vital, non only for his ain plants however for the outgrowth and improvement of cultural logical order in the eighteenth century. It is conceivable that Turgot got a portion of these considerations from Montesquieu yet it is Turgot who refined them. Turgot saw society as a moderate moving being. Society moves and modifications in a transformative structure. It resembles a natural being. He other than felt society moves from a basic signifier to an increasingly mind boggling signifier. A delineation of this would be cultivating for supplement to at long last industrialisation of supplement. Each stage or part of society, Turgot felt, is associated with the accompanying stage or bit. In Turgot? s observed Philosophical Review of the Successive Advances of the Human Mind, Turgot embarks to demo how the ways of thinking of Christianity have assisted with tempering interests, to sharpen authoritiess, and to accomplish work powers better and more joyful. Turgot was a Classical Liberal. He accepted that independence is a grown-up male # 8217 ; s most noteworthy political terminal, and that profound religion, a free-showcase financial framework, and restricted specialists were irreplaceable. He accepted world was going towards incredible faultlessness. He was truly worried about the forward March of world ( Andreski 1971 ) . Turgot was abdominal muscle initio instructed for a bringing in the Church. Turgot relinquished his bringing in the congregation for the Civil Service. He was required to come in the ministry, however on the other hand felt he was called to specialists administration. He was delegated Administrator of Limoges and in this manner, Secretary of State for the Navy. For a short clasp, he was other than Controller of Finance to the King of France ( Meek 1973 ) . TURGOT? S EDUCATION Turgot was sent to class in Paris in the College Louis-le-Grand, and a rather decent account is recounted him at that place. His pocket-cash at any point appeared to disappear actually rapidly, and after test it worked out that he spent everything helping the less fortunate twenty-four hours young men purchase their books for classifications, which they themselves could non manage. He thusly went to the College du Plessis, lastly gave to the Seminary of Saint Sulpice for his progressively religious planning ( Lodge 1931 ) . Turgot earned honors preeminent at the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, thus at the extraordinary philosophical module of the University of Paris, the Sorbonne. What's more, despite the fact that he had wide-extending judicious inclusions ever, heavenly nature, writing, humanism, and the characteristic logical orders, he is currently most popular for his short bringing in financial sciences ( Dakin 1965 ) . TURGOT # 8217 ; S MOST FAMOUS Writing Turgot composed on monetary points, prominently Reflexions Sur La arrangement et la conveyance diethylstilbestrols riches. He supported the facilitated commerce and free-rivalry rules of Vincent de Gournay. In Limoges, so perhaps the most unfortunate territory of France, he applied a portion of his hypotheses. He empowered new agrarian strategies, presented new reaps, created industry, advanced nearby facilitated commerce, nullified obligatory work for open work, fabricated streets, founded a bit of open guide, and expelled some income upgrade abuses ( Dakin 1965 ) . TURGOT? S INFLUENCES Turgot accepted society is an arrangement of parts and every one of these parts are associated with one another. Each stage or segment sets the conditions for the accompanying stage or bit of society. Comte got his considerations of society going in a transformative structure from Turgot. Condorcet was affected by Turgot? s work. He distributed Vie de M Turgot ( 1786 ) and Vie de Voltaire ( 1789 ) . In these lifes he demonstrated that he supported Turgot # 8217 ; s financial hypotheses. Condorcet portrayed Turgot? s position refering the unfathomable perfectibility of the human dread snd the illimitable headway of the logical trains as? one of the extraordinary principles of his convention, ? which he? neer one time surrendered? ( Meek 1973 ) . Furthermore, Turgot? s Reflections # 8230 ; is regularly portrayed as one of the vast majority of import general treatises on political monetary framework composed before Smith # 8217 ; s Wealth of Nations and there is little vulnerability tha t it was a significant impact on Adam Smith ( Lodge 1931 ) . TURGOT # 8217 ; S IDEAS Turgot was unique in relation to other financial master of his clasp. He was to a greater extent a psyche and theoretician. He was resolved to adjust the framework despite the fact that the enhanced one mig ht non be invited. He had a few contemplations I may non hold with, for example, world ever going towards perfection, how would we cognize when we are venturing to every part of the other way, and who is the equity of what faultlessness is? He was worried for the great beyond, non for the prompt these days. He was a creator each piece great as a chief and he drove a school of monetary personalities whose impacts were to reappear in the undermentioned century. His ideals were acknowledged more to the full in his expire than when he was alive. In spite of the fact that his changes didn # 8217 ; t add up to a lot and experienced a lot of neighborhood predisposition, he was acclaimed for them, unconventionally by the philosophes. In 1774 the Comte de Maurepas made him officer general of fundss in his bureau. Turgot # 8217 ; s program-# 8221 ; No chapter 11, no expansion in income improvements, no selection, yet monetary framework # 8221 ; - required tough changes. He annulled a few sinecures and imposing business models, attempted to better the arrangement of cultivating the income upgrades, radically cut specialists disbursals, and recovered bit of the open obligation. His decree ( 1774 ) reproducing free course of grain inside France irritated the grain theorists and was unfortunately trailed by a reap disappointment. Bread open violences came about and were stifled. This made Turgot lose a lot of his notoriety ( Lodge 1931 ) . Turgot excited the church by prefering acknowledgment of the Protestants and incited a tempest of dissent by his six orders of Jan. , 1776. The initial four orders were non critical. The fifth abrogated clubs, along these lines stoping constraints on work and business. The sixth, the vast majority of import, struck at the Lords by stifling the corv? nutrient E and proposing income improvement of all landowners In his Reflections Sur lupus erythematosus arrangement et distri buoon diethylstilbestrols riches ( 1726 ) , he built up an investigation of the statute of diminishing returns. Turgot # 8217 ; s free-advertise assault was unfalteringly established in his philosophical guidance and spilled out of his religion in God. He started changes expected to deregulate agribusiness and industry, support organized commerce and loosened limit lines, and set up more pleasant work designs. He

Identification of the Impact of Cultural Diversity

CURTIN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF HUMANITIES (DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT) IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT OF HOFSTEDE’S CROSS-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF PROJECT SUCCESS AMONG MANAGERS IN PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN MIRI, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA Uyi Rapheal Edomwandagbon 7e0b8198/14 Mitrabinda Singh Research proposition introduced as a piece of the prerequisites for the honor of the level of MASTER OF SCIENCE (Project Management) June 2012 Acknowledgment My most earnest thanks and appreciation goes to my chief, Mrs.Mitrabinda Singh for her consistence tolerance, significant exhortation and direction all through this last year venture in each viewpoint. What's more, I might want to offer my most prominent thanks to all the teachers in Curtin University who at once or the other have been there for me all through the term of this Master of Science in Project Management course. I might likewise want to express a Special gratitude to all my course mates and seniors for their commitments and backing in the composition of this research.Last yet not least, I might want to thank the entirety of my family both here and back home for giving me this chance, Ik and Mathilda for their tenacious exertion in supporting me and Manami for her consolations and love. Unique The examination centers around distinguishing the basic effect of Hofstede’s multifaceted measurements on venture accomplishment among private part associations in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. Social distinction is dominatingly existent in the vast majority of today’s private segment associations yet the impact has been incredibly overlooked.Following the point of the examination various inquiries has been drawn which the exploration expects to reply and an inside and out investigation of past written works and studies has been directed and utilized with the end goal of the basic research and various theories have been drawn for testing this examination. Initial, an ID of the va riables important for venture achievement was done, trailed by an investigation of social measurements created by Geert Hofstede (1984).The impact of every one of the measurements according to associations achievement factors was recognized and these were applied to build up a connection between's the social measurements and task achievement. The exploration study will be led inside chosen layers of 20 private division association in Miri with just the chiefs as members, utilizing a quantitative methodology utilizing a lot of survey containing inquiries with 5-point likert scale and a segment area of open and close-finished inquiries circulated among directors in Private segment associations situated in Miri, Sarawak.The coming about discoveries and resolution will help in building up this relationship and give generous proof on if culturally diverse contrasts in Private part associations add to the accomplishment of undertaking in Private segment associations situated around Miri, Malaysia. The relationship as assessed by Tukiainen et al. (2004) and (Matveev and Milter 2004) is that the heterogeneous gathering of directors originating from various countries have lower venture achievement and as indicated by Higgs(1996) the heterogeneous gathering get points of interest to get higher task accomplishment than the homogeneous group.The homogenous gathering here is the gathering of administrators who are Malaysians from Miri private area associations. To break down the gathering contrasts a free example T-test is directed. Different relapses have been led to test the theories. List of chapters Chapter 11 1. 1INTRODUCTION1 1. 2BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY2 1. 3PROBLEM STATEMENT3 1. 4RESEARCH OBJECTIVES5 1. 5OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS5 1. 6METHODOLOGY7 1. 7STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT8 Chapter 29 2. 1INTRODUCTION9 2. 2UNDERSTANDING PROJECT SUCCESS9 2. 2. 1Measuring undertaking success10 2. 3CULTURAL DIFFERENCES13 . 3. 1Understanding Culture and Cultural Dif ference13 2. 3. 2Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions theory14 2. 3. 3The Effect of Cultural Difference on Project Success16 2. 4HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT19 2. 5CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS25 Chapter 326 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY26 3. 1INTRODUCTION26 3. 1. 1Application of study26 3. 1. 2Objectives of the research27 3. 1. 3Mode of enquiry27 3. 2FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM28 3. 3CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A RESEARCH DESIGN28 3. 4CONSTRUCTING AN INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION29 3. 5SELECTING A SAMPLE31 3. 6WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL33 3. 7DATA COLLECTION34 . 8PROCESSING AND DISPLAYING THE DATA34 3. 9WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT35 3. 10RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT36 Chapter 437 ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH37 4. 1INTRODUCTION37 4. 2DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS37 4. 2. 1Company Profile (Dem1)38 4. 2. 2Number of representatives in associations (Dem2)39 4. 2. 3Employee Nationality (Dem3)39 4. 2. 4Number of Diverse workers in taking an interest Organizations (Dem11)40 4. 2. 5General Language of correspondenc e in Organizations (Dem12)41 4. 2. 6Employee view of Cultural assorted variety issues (Dem13)42 4. 3PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS44 4. 3. 1Age of the respondents (Dem5)45 4. 3. Sexual orientation (Dem4)45 4. 3. 3Education degree of members (Dem6)46 4. 3. 4Job Profile (Dem7-Dem10)47 4. 3. 5Years in current position (Dem10)48 4. 4SECTION 2: PROJECT SUCCESS FACTORS (Q1-33)49 4. 4. 1Perception of Time, Cost and Quality as proportions of Project Success50 4. 4. 2Percentage of Effective group performance51 4. 4. 3Percentage venture the board procedure quality53 4. 4. 4Percentage fulfills hierarchical objective and purpose55 4. 4. 5Percentage discernment on advantages to partners, Users and clients56 4. 4. 6Percentage proficient clash management57 4. 4. 7Percentage advantage to organisation59 4. Area C: PERCEPTION OF EMPLOYEES ON CULTURAL DIVERSITY DIMENSIONS (CulD 1-25)61 4. 5. 1I concur that force and authority is being dispersed similarly among representatives in my association. 61 4. 5. 2I co ncur that a specific degree of intensity must be practiced to guarantee that colleagues or representatives are devoted to their work in my association (CulD2)62 4. 5. 3I permit my representatives to address me or top administration when in conflict with task or business related issues in my organization. (CulD3)62 4. 5. 4I concur with the explanation that my representatives must hold fast to my associations administers regardless of whether it risks our hierarchical objectives. CulD4)63 4. 5. 5I concur with the explanation that representative management in my association is severe (CulD5)64 4. 5. 6I feel I possess adequate energy for my family and individual life outside my work environment CulD665 4. 5. 7I concur that my worker evaluation is merited for working admirably at my association. CulD765 4. 5. 8I concur that a worker with the most grounded state wins in issues of contentions or contentions in my association. CulD866 4. 5. 9I like to help other people as much as Possible. CulD967 4. 5. 10I consent to the explanation that working is the main methods for occupation. (CulD10)67 4. . 11I now and again get protests from my representatives about being worried by remaining task at hand. CulD1168 4. 5. 12I concur that my associations rules must be carefully obeyed by my workers consistently. CulD1269 4. 5. 13I concur that time is generally important to my representatives when dealing with undertakings. CulD1369 4. 5. 14I concur with the explanation that vulnerabilities and dangers are ordinary highlights of life. CulD1470 4. 5. 15I accept that basic assignments ought to be dealt with first before others. CulD1571 4. 5. 16I permit the commitment of my representatives in dynamic in my associations. CulD1671 4. 5. 7I concur that recruiting and advancement choices in my associations in my associations ought to be founded on their exhibition and authoritative guidelines as it were. CulD1772 4. 5. 18I have a feeling of individual fulfillment when I achieve testing assignments at my organisation73 4. 5. 19I accept that my representatives consistently follow bunch settled on choices regardless of whether their own feelings are against it. CulD1973 4. 5. 20I have representatives who by and large like to take a shot at their own without their gathering participation (CulD20)74 4. 5. 21I accept that my associations objectives is best estimated by the future accomplishments than the current accomplishments (CulD21)75 . 5. 22I concur that representative prizes and examinations ought not be founded distinctly on their exhibition (CulD22)75 4. 5. 23I accept that rules ought to be broken so as to accomplish innovation76 4. 5. 24I concur that duty to my customers and partners is significant in keeping up my relationship with them CulD2477 4. 5. 25I concur with the explanation that my workers esteem their dinner time and equals the initial investment when squeezed by testing assignments (CulD25)77 4. 6FURTHER ANALYSIS78 4. 6. 1Reliability Test78 4. 6. 2 Factor Analysis79 4. 6. 3Correlation Analysis81 4. 6. 3. 1Assumptions for correlationError! Bookmark not characterized. 4. 6. Trial of Hypothesis (H1a †H1e)82 4. 6. 4. 1Multiple Regression Analysis83 4. 6. 4. 2Assumptions checking for relapse analysis84 4. 6. 4. 3H1: All the Hofstede’s Cultural measurements identifies with Project Success among chiefs of private segment associations in Miri90 4. 6. 4. 4H1a: There is a connection between Power separation in supervisors (in private division associations) in Miri and determinants of task achievement. 91 4. 6. 4. 5H1b: There is a connection between the Societal Collectivism (Individualistic/Collectivist) property of administrators (in private area associations) in Miri and determinants of undertaking achievement. 91 4. 6. 4. H1c: There is a connection between sex separation of social qualities (Masculinity/Femininity) among directors (in private area associations) in Miri and determinants of undertaking achievement. 91 4. 6. 4. 7H1d: There is a connection between vulnerability shirking or the dread of questions among supervisors (in private area associations) in Miri and determinants of venture achievement. 92 4. 6. 4. 8H1e: There is a connection between Long term direction for objective achievement among chiefs (in private area associations) in Miri and determinants of venture achievement. 92 4. 6. 5Test Of Hypothesis (H2): Independent

The Backlash Of On Muslims - Free Essay Example

America is highly viewed as one of the biggest players in foreign affairs and international politics. The country has consistently pictured and seen itself as the beacon of human rights, the pioneer of freedom, and the figurehead of humanity and righteousness in the consistent fight against al-Qaida. It is, however, essential to note that the human rights and freedom that America proclaims to strictly stand for have been interfered with since the 9/11 incident. In essence, the actual image with regard to the city upon a hill or the American Dream is slowly crumbling under the heavy weight of post-9/11 law enforcement, Americas foreign policies, and public scaremongering of individuals that are perceived as Arabs. This particular essay will examine the manner in which Muslims receive harsh treatment after the backlash of 9/11 in the novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid. It will also incorporate the various themes that are exposed in the story Grandmas Tales and compare how the two relate. It will further discuss how the Muslims become legitimate targets and victims of negative media stereotypes, hate crimes, disappearance, physical beatings and interrogations at American airports, racial profiling, and detentions in secret places. Furthermore, the paper addresses the manner in which the above-mentioned treatment ideally shed light on the tough question of Muslim integration in the American citizenship, society, identity, multiculturalism, alienation, national affiliation, and belonging. In addition, it significantly disrupts the dominant American official discourse that portrays Muslims as what can be described as potential terrorists by linking Islam with terror and a potential threat to the United States as well as the values of Western civilization. The American global war on what they refer to terror has generally impacted the Muslim minorities in the Islamic world, and the entire globe to the various degrees of hardship and suffering and in the various areas of life. Muslims have, without a doubt of contradiction, been the worst affected. Their identity has affected their peace in other countries. Popular Muslim nations like Iraq and Afghanistan have significantly been consistently devastated and uprooted in the name of war on terror. Hence, the devastation experienced by Muslims in both material and human terms is somehow beyond estimation. The popularly known and historic 9/11 episode have played a big role in negatively impacting Muslims in the West. The mentioned impact is more visible in the United States of America more than any other place or country in the entire world. The effect is to be understood and observed in negative senses (Post -9/11 Islamophobia And The Future Of American Islam). In essence, the aspect of Islamophobia has substantially worsened due to the result of the September 11 incident as well as the subsequent war on terror. The Islamophobia phenomenon in the United States is normally equated with some kind of a general hatred and prejudice of Muslims and Islam. It is essential to note the fact that this started being experienced in the West long before the September 11. The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Hamid tends to offer some kind of a counter literary response to both the American public rhetoric as well as the dominant literary discourses that substantially prevailed immediately after the 9/11 incident. In essence, the situation consolidated stereotypes against Muslims and Islam and further inflamed the American sentiments. The novel ideally utilizes the character Changez to render a stark warning message that the American domineering policies, harsh treatment of Muslims, and the blind war on terror might eventually force a large number of Muslims to particularly relinquish the popular American Dream and further turn into radicals, just like Changez. The theme of discrimination has also been experienced in the Islamophobia issue. The reaction of the Americans towards the Muslims after the 9/11 attack has obviously been very indiscriminate, blind, and disproportionate to the extent that the controversial concept of multiculturalism on which the American community tends to be based is highly threatened (Considine). There are higher chances of the American community being prone to internal disintegration and fissures if they fail to stop blaming the Muslims and fail to accept others for very few isolated tragic kind of incidents, which they are not or may not be responsible for. In essence, the promotion of Islamophobia, mistreatment of Muslims, and the actual war on terror that ideally followed the 9/11 incident may potentially result in the alienation and exclusion of Muslims in America, the rise of Islam radial groups such as State of Syria and Iraq, and the disintegration of the American multicultural society. I can describe The Reluctant Fundamentalist as a primary and outstanding literary work after the 9/11 attacks. The novel substantially holds some kind of a magnifying glass up to the United States. It essentially views the negative effects of racial discrimination as well as racism to the reader. Moreover, the novel comes in handy in dismantling some of the specific Western religious biases and plays the role of effacing stereotypes towards the Muslims world and Islam (Considine). The Reluctant Fundamentalist is, however, controversially discussed as anti-American due to its ambiguity. In essence, Islamophobia was already a part of the Western social and intellectual scene in earlier years of racism and it was particularly viewed as an obvious expression of the response of the Western individuals with regard to the Islamic world and Islam. The 9/11 incident rejuvenated the actual creation of brand new images of Muslims and Islam in the minds of the Western public (Post -9/11 Islamophobia And The Future Of American Islam). The negative ridiculing and stereotyping of Islam and Muslims in general became more disturbing, especially when they came from some of the respectable church leaders as well as preachers in the West. The stubborn issue of Islamophobia has highly frustrated and angered a number of Muslims in both America and around the world. The same anger has been lively after the experience of the countless and unending invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, which can be predominantly described or defined as Muslim countries (Post -9/11 Islamophobia and the Future of American Islam). The above-mentioned politically charged events as well as negative phenomena have highly resulted in violent reactions from some of the more extremist-prone elements of the wide-spread Muslim communities in the West. As a result, both European and American Muslims find themselves in a situation of only bearing the brunt of the so-called extreme reactions of the various rightist groups in the Western countries. The actual strength of Hamids great and outstanding narration in the novel lies in effectively connecting his developing human characters with symbolism. The mentioned author successfully manages to narrate his story through the main character by the name Changez. The character ideally addresses the authors story in the actual form of a dramatic kind of monologue to an individual who is only referred to as the American. It is essential to note that the American individual remains a silent listener in the entire story, despite his infrequent interruptions. Hamid tactfully narrates his story in the form of a one-sided conversation that exists between an American and an Arab. Humid utilizes the one-sided conversation to achieve and accomplish two things. First of all, he symbolically makes it possible for America to literally hear the other side of the story. The author, secondly, puts his audience or readers into the actual shoes of the American. Doing these enables Humid to somehow fo rce the reader to categorically make a personal decision on what to make with the controversial narration. In other words, the reader is left to decide on their own whether the American is an undercover agent or harmless. The reader is also left to decide whether Changez is a normal individual or a fundamentalist terrorist. The readers and American prejudices and stereotypes as well as the clich? ©s of Muslims and Arabs are efficiently mirrored to the reader. As a reader, I got a chance to evaluate and reflect my own individual stance with regard to the aspect of Islamophobia. The author of The Reluctant Fundamentalist essentially plays with the above-described stereotypical images in his narration but regularly dismantles each of them for purposes of countering Western biases. In essence, the beard and ethnicity of the character Changez in the novel stereotype him as a religious extremist. According to my analysis of Hamids work, I reached a conclusion that Changes is neither an extremist nor religious. He is just revealed as an academic and a secular person. On the other hand, the American is exposed as a personification of post-9/11 paranoia of the American citizen, who significantly distrusts Changez as well as other Arabs in the novel. The American character is likely to carry a weapon, sits with his back to a wall, and keenly watches his surroundings. The American is, thus, turned to what can be described as a reluctant fundamentalist by the author. In essence, Hamid characterizes him as substantially western in nature through his believes and biases. Besides, the fear of Muslims and Islam has significantly resulted in the authorization of random detentions, discrimination, and deportation of countless Muslims and Arabs. This kind of public hysteria as well as the incorporation of propagandist media has substantially has played the negative role of increasing the already pre-existing mean stereotypes of Muslims and Arabs. I, therefore, argue without a doubt of contradiction that Muslims and Arabs have lately become the newest American folk devil through elite-engineered moral panic and hyper-Orientalized media representation (Christine 106). The mentioned aspects have highly primed retaliatory and hostile public attitudes that have, in turn, legitimized random law enforcement, including public harassment and hostility, random profiling, and police surveillance. There exist a very dangerous spiral wave of counter reactions and negative reactions that has the potential of threatening the security and lives of Muslims who reside in the West. The fear has led to the formation of Islamic and Muslim movements in America that advocate for better treatment of the Muslims and the protection of their religion (Post -9/11 Islamophobia And The Future Of American Islam). The constitution of the United States clearly states that every individual in the country has a right to religion and worship. It, therefore, becomes hypocritical when some Americans mistreat Muslims for the assumption that they are terrorists in nature. The assumption does not seem to be sensible at all. In essence, one cannot judge a book by its cover. Being a Muslim or practicing Islam does not make one a terrorist. In essence, terrorists are individuals who merely hide in the Islamic religion. Anyone from any religion around the world can be a threat to the security of other individ uals in the society. It is unfortunate and uncalled for that Muslims are the only ones subjected to harassment and mistreatment because of the religion they chose. Hamids The Reluctant Fundamentalist specifically renders some kind of a warning message to readers and the American society at large. In essence the American international and domestic policies towards the Islamic world and Muslims after 9/11 have the potential of turning the ordinary Muslims into radicals if not changed (Williams 146). It further adds that violence is most likely to breed violence. The novel also exposes the fact that the American blind war on terror and their domineering policies have the potential of forcing countless ordinary Muslims to significantly relinquish the popular American Dream and later convert them into radicals, just like Changez. The pressing situation has forced the American Muslim society to essentially respond to the above-mentioned and described challenges of Islamophobia in different ways. The American Muslims have created various new alliances and alignments with countless non-Muslim American groups around the country in their tireless effort to potentially strengthen their actual and strategic position to effectively and efficiently counter the above-described damaging onslaught of Islamophobia in the United States and beyond (Post -9/11 Islamophobia And The Future Of American Islam). In essence, their consistent effort in the described direction or channel is substantially visible in quite a number of areas. The alliances are formed to encourage Americans to appreciate the existence of cultural differences and promote peaceful coexistence among Americans and Muslims. In conclusion, there exist a lot of activities in the ideal area of the interfaith dialogue that highly involve the followers and members of Christianity as well as Judaism. Besides, the political arena has significantly experienced some kind of a growing Muslim activism which comes in handy in assisting them to strategically position their actual influence in both her Democratic and Republican parties in America. The primary goal of the mentioned activism incorporates assisting them to effectively influence the American foreign policy. Furthermore, the Muslim professors and students in the United States have established and developed strong alliances with most of their non-Muslim friends and colleagues in the colleges and universities in pursuit of the common objective and goal of social freedom and justice. It is essential to note the fact that Hamid uses his novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist to essentially bring out the message that a lot of Muslims wish to live in dignity, peace, and prosperity, just like any other human being around the globe. Grandmas Tales also come in handy in exposing the above-mentioned and described themes in relation to Hamids novel. In essence, this is the right time for the entire world to find a way of facilitating such a healthy and conducive environment for them when it is still early. In simpler terms, not all Muslims are terrorists and you cannot judge an entire population for the mistake of a single one of them. It is not fair at all. There is need for the entire world to embrace Muslims and treat them like any other human being (Andrew). Making the world a better place incorporates standing for the truth and avoiding propaganda. The media is expected to be the mirror of the society and to report the truth.

Canadian Remembrance Day Quotes

In 1915, Canadian soldier  John McCrae whod served in the Second Battle of Ypres in Flanders, Belgium, wrote a poem called In Flanders Fields in remembrance of a fallen comrade whod died in battle  and was buried with a simple wooden cross as a marker. The poem describes similar graves throughout the fields of Flanders, fields that once alive with red poppies, now filled with the bodies of dead soldiers. The poem also highlights one of the ironies of war—that soldiers must die so that a nation of people might live. Commemorating Canadas As is the case with most of the British Commonwealth countries,  Remembrance Day in Canada is celebrated on November 11. To mark the occasion, Canadians observe a minute of silence and visit memorials to honor the soldiers sacrificed their lives for their country. The poppy symbolizes  Remembrance Day and is often worn as a sign of respect. At the National War Memorial, a ceremony is held to commemorate the soldiers. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is also an important landmark where people gather to honor the dead. Canada has always been known for its peaceful people, vibrant culture, and beautiful countryside. But even more than that, Canada is known for its patriotism. On Remembrance Day, take a moment to salute those patriotic men and women who served their nation by reading some of the quotes  below. Remembrance Day Quotations In Flanders Fields, the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on row,That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.—John McCrae In war, there are no unwounded soldiers.—Jose Narosky The dead soldiers silence sings our national anthem.—Aaron Kilbourn But the freedom that they fought for, and the country grand they wrought for, is their monument today, and for aye.—Thomas Dunn English And they who for their country die shall fill an honored grave, for glory lights the soldiers tomb, and beauty weeps the brave.—Joseph Drake Patriotism is not dying for ones country, it is living for ones country. And for humanity. Perhaps that is not as romantic, but its better.—Agnes Macphail I am a Canadian, free to speak without fear, free to worship in my own way, free to stand for what I think right, free to oppose what I believe wrong, or free to choose those who shall govern my country. This heritage of freedom I pledge to uphold for myself and all mankind.—John Diefenbaker Our hopes are high. Our faith in the people is great. Our courage is strong. And our dreams for this beautiful country will never die.—Pierre Trudeau Whether we live together in confidence and cohesion; with more faith and pride in ourselves and less self-doubt and hesitation; strong in the conviction that the destiny of Canada is to unite, not divide; sharing in cooperation, not in separation or in conflict; respecting our past and welcoming our future.—Lester Pearson Canadian nationalism is a subtle, easily misunderstood but powerful reality, expressed in a way that is not  state-directed—something like a beer commercial or the death of a significant Canadian figure.—Paul Kopas We only need to look at what we are really doing in the world and at home and well know what it is to be Canadian.—Adrienne Clarkson

How did pop art challenge beleifs in consumerism Essay

How did pop art challenge beleifs in consumerism Introduction: In order to discuss pop art I have chosen to examine the work and to some extent lives of Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol who were two of the main forces behind the American movement. I intend to reflect the attitudes of the public and artists in America at this time, while examining the growing popularity of pop art from its rocky, abstract expressionist start in the 1950s through the height of consumer culture in the 60s and 70s to the present day. Roy Liechtenstein, (fig 1) was born in 1923 into to a middle class Hungarian family living in New York, there was no artists on either side of his family and throughout Liechtenstein’s schooling there were no art†¦show more content†¦He continued his education at the Carnegie Institute in Pennsylvania graduating with a BA in Fine Art. Warhol moved to New York in 1948-49 where he started work as a graphic designer, creating adverts for fashion magazines such as Glamour, Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar. Andy Warhol shot to fame and soon became highly respected as a commercial artist. †Tina Fredrick, then art director of Glamour† says â€Å"She was thrilled by Andy’s drawings but could not find a commercial use for them. She told him his drawings were good, but Glamour could only use drawings of shoes at the moment. The next day Warhol came back with 50 drawings of shoes† footwear being an important part of his advertising career until the mid 1960s. In 1949 Harvey J Earl of General Motors pioneered ‘Planned Obsolescence’. He realised that by adding fashionable products when new trends come in older products would be discarded in favour of the latest fashion. This realisation changed consumerism forever and was the start of a consumer culture, which was to spread rapidly. In the 50s it was for the most part an American phenomenon due to the fact that they had the money and manufacturing productivity to make it possible, for example, â€Å"the affluence of America meant that almost every family owned a car† and food rationing was unthinkable while in Briton the opposite was

Changing Global Business Environment

Quetion: Discuss about the Changing Global Business Environment. Answer: Introduction: The global recession in 2008-2009 has assisted China to boost its economic position in the global context. The recession has deteriorated the financial position of the US and several robust European economies. However, the impact of the recession was marginal on the Chinese economy which has advanced its relative position in the international economy. In the present scenario, it is possible that China will attain the position of the global leader but due to several domestic challenges in the Chinese economy, such as unequal distribution of wealth, poor infrastructure and low living conditions in the rural areas It is a challenging scenario for China. In this essence, in this essay, the position of China in the world leadership role is explored. Along with it, the role of 2008 global crisis in the present situation of China and its reluctance to play leadership role is also discussed. The 2008 economic crisis is marked as one of the most important economic event in the recent history. The situations of the global crisis have resulted in huge blow to the US economy and financial infusion from the government prevented the economy from a huge crash. The economic recession also impacted major Asian economies such as Japan, China and India; however, the impact on these economies was relatively lower. Moreover, inspection of these economies shows shifts in the global polity and economy. The opening up of the Chinese economy and the economic modernization programs in China showed promising results and currently China has become a serious threat to the superpower position of the US economy. The Chinese economy is growing with a steady rate of 9 % annual rate and has become the third largest economy of the world (Nato Review, 2009). Due to the economic recession, the importance of the Chinese economy has grown due to its huge foreign currency reserves. It has also invested heavily to combat the impact of economic crisis in the country (Zhu, 2012). The Chinese government is also increasing its military expenditure and developed a strong army in the recent years (Gokay, 2009). Due to the minimal impact of the economic recession on the Chinese economy, it is growing at a phenomenal rate. The Chinese companies have also adopted the business model of assimilating innovative and technically advanced inventions in the western countries and improving them. It results in reduced economy of scale and increased profitability. The growing influence of China can be observed through several of its strategic initiatives such as principal lender in Latin America. It is also a prime investor in Africa, Saudi Arabia and Iran. These investments have increased the importance of China in the African and the Asian subcontinent. China is also known for its labor intensive industry and large manufacturing units. The Chinese products are used all across the globe due to their low costs (Cao, 2004). The Chinese economy is robust and largest manufacturing economy. Reluctance of China to play world leadership role Although the Chinese economy is growing at a phenomenal rate, it is observed that China remains reluctant to play the global leadership role in the world polity. The primary reason for it is that China wants to attain the peak point of the economic growth before actively participating in the economic situations of the other countries. It has a large population and geographical area which are a significant challenge in the economic growth of the country. The unnecessary leadership in global affairs will not contribute to the growth of the economy but will increase the number of disputes and create hurdles in its growth (Linehan, 2016). The country of China is also not psychologically prepared to play leadership role in the global affairs. It has a rigid notion of sovereign rights and problems related to the genocide, climate change and nuclear weapons; therefore, the Chinese leaders remain reluctant in condemning or excessively supporting the foreign policies of other countries. The C hinese government is also adopting the strategy of reluctance to avoid the demonstration of its power to the foreign countries. It will increase fearfulness and acknowledgment of the countrys power which will bring negative as well as positive reactions from the foreign countries (Schell, 2009). Chinas Domestic issues holding it back from the global leadership position There are also several cultural, financial and systematic factors that can prevent the country from holding the worlds leaders position. In the recent years, the economic development of the country has resulted in economic imbalance in the country. The business environment of the country is unsatisfactory for domestic business. There are several overheated markets for example property bubble which are threatened by reduced capital flow of the country. There are significant domestic challenges of the country which are needed to be overcome to obtain the status of economic superpower. The per capita income of the country is very low and is approximately one-tenth of the income in Japan and the USA. A significant sum of the Chinese population still lives in the rural areas without access to the basic living amenities. The rural population is still struggling to access education and healthcare facilities. Due to the oversized population, it is challenging for the county to become a super power. It is an atheist country and all types of religious practices are shunned in the country. It does not a specific political or ideological strategy which will create challenge for the country in establishing relations with its foreign counterparts (Scutt, 2016). Business implications of China becoming a superpower In the recent years, several changes are realized in the international business scenario, the primary of which is the growing power of China in global scenario. It has been predicted that in the upcoming years, the Chinese economy will be able to overtake US economy. Soon, it will also obtain high political power and rule globally. At present too, China holds a supreme presence in several African countries by investing heavily in it (Thrall, 2015). The economists have also stated that China will also be able to capture portions of Europe in a similar manner. However, there are several concerns associated with the growing power of China. One of the primary concerns is the contempt shown by the Chinese leaders for human right and democracy which may undermine the conditions and pay of the workers in the global arena (Obbema, 2015). China is set to become one of the largest economies in the world; however, with it certain changes will occur in the global economic scenario. Even when the China will become a superpower, the USA will also lead the global economy and it will result in bipolar economy. In this situation, the impact on the global economy will be dependent upon the relationship between the two countries. The China will become an influential country in the Asia and will create alliance with the other smaller Asian countries. The Chinese government will also try to make alliance with the Asian countries and make the economic structure independent by creating regional banks and financial institutions. Along with it, China will influence the relation with most of the countries in Central and South East Asia. Moreover, the present Chinese rise to the power can also face the challenge of lack of Imperialist Undertaking (Tsui et al. 2004). The Chinese military is not technically advanced compared to the USA a nd European countries. They also lack knowledge regarding advanced war tactics and strategies. In the recent economic development of the country, China has neglected its war capacity which has increased its vulnerability. Till now, the relations between China and the USA have been calm and peaceful. Both the countries have got along with each other due to their mutual interests. However, as China will rise as a superpower, the tension between both the countries will increase (Cerna, 2011). At present, the global financial system is controlled by the USA dollar and the American domestic and foreign policies. Therefore, China will try to create a global system which is independent of the American interference. An alternative financial system will increase chaos and confusion in the financial system. Changes in International environment with China becoming a superpower Over the last few years, the world has remained stable and peaceful in its economic activities. It is due to the fact that the Asian countries have agreed to work with their Western counterparts and their policies. The Asian countries have agreed as they have perceived that these institutions serve the global economic interest rather than the Western countries interests. However, the USA has taken several actions that have undermined the efficacy of these institutions. When China will rise to the power, it will challenge the financial institutions. It is apparent in the recent development of AIIB and BRICS banks. In addition to it, the Chinese rise to the superpower is different for different countries. For instance, India is neutral to the rise of China as a superpower. It is due to the fact that unlike other countries in South East Asia, it does not need the USA power to resist China. Russia will find the rise of China as a superpower suitable, as it will find a supporter to control the influence of the USA in the world. The European countries might support China silently; however, it is most likely that USA will oppose it strongly (Zhongying, 2016). It can be critiqued that whether the rising prominence of China is opposed or supported, it will play a significant role in the global economy in upcoming years. Chinese economy is also a major growth engine in the worlds economy. When most of the economies are lagging and stagnating at a very low pace, the Chinese economy is growing with an annual pace of 10%. Therefore, the Chinese economy remains a vital aspect in global economic growth. The Chinese economy is rebalancing and continues to shift from low cost manufacturing and exports to services and household contribution (Shaffer, 2016). In these changing circumstances, the global economy may benefit from the rebalancing. It will create aggregated demand which will steady the global economy growth rate. Moreover, China will also attain a governing role in the global economy with its increasing strength. The Chinese leaders will become more confident in taking a leadership role in the global economic and political governance (Hora sis, 2005). Over the last few years, several reforms introduced by the Chinese government have shown their results and the Chinese economy is characterized by advanced technology, infrastructure, innovation and skilled workforce. As per the above discussion, China has driven economic shift in the global context; however, it is not yet capable to become an economic superpower. It is not sustainable power as it is highly imbalanced. In order to become a global economic power it has to change its role and become an active member in economic and political forums (Wolf, 2016). It can be deduced that China will soon become an economic rival of the USA and diminish the status of the USA as the economic superpower. The economic recession of 2008-2009 has also damaged the strength of the USA economy. The Chinese economy is capable of taking up the leading position due to its size and constant growth. In November, 2008, the Chinese government invested three trillion dollars to boost the economic strength of the country. Although there is strong evidence that suggests the growing power of Chinese economy, the country itself has been reluctant to take up the position of the world leader. Therefore, if the stand of China remains same, the growth of Chinese economy will have little impact on other economies. It can be scrutinized by the recent actions of country wherein it has been reluctant to interfere in the political and economic conditions of other countries. In addition, China being a developing country has its own issues and political agenda. Therefore, according to the present situations, there are least chances that the country will become a global leader in near future; however, the global economy may become multipolar due to the emergence of several promising economies. References Cao, C., 2004. Challenges for Technological Development in Chinas Industry. Foreign investors are the main providers of technology.China Perspectives, (54). Cerna, M. (2011). Chinas Growing Presence in Latin America: Implications for U.S. and Chinese Presence in the Region. China Research Centre, 10(1). Gokay, B. (2009). The 2008 World Economic Crisis: Global Shifts and Faultlines. Global Research. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.globalresearch.ca/the-2008-world-economic-crisis-global-shifts-and-faultlines/12283 Horasis. (2005). Chinas New Role in the Global Arena. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.horasis.org/press_releases_all_74.php Linehan, M. (2016). Chinas Growing Economic Clout In Asia Challenges US Dominant System. Frontera News. https://fronteranews.com/news/asia/chinas-relations-east-asia-mounting-challenge-us-dominated-system/ Nato Review. (2009). Will the Financial Crisis make China a Superpower? Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2009/financialcrisis/Financial-Crisis-China/EN/index.htm Obemma, F. (2015). We fear China's growing power. But it is morally reprehensible to celebrate the country's woes. Independent. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/we-fear-chinas-growing-power-but-it-is-morally-reprehensible-to-celebrate-the-countrys-woes-10476332.html Schell, O. (2009). Unless Beijing assumes its global responsibility, the US will be left to act alone. Yale Global. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/china-reluctant-lead Scutt, D. (2016). The imbalances in China's economy that created previous problems are making a comeback. Business Insider. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-imbalances-in-chinas-economy-that-created-previous-problems-are-making-a-comeback-2016-5 Shaffer, L. (2016). The curious case of Chinas remarkably consistent economic growth. CNBC. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/18/china-gdp-grows-in-line-with-estimates-in-third-quarter.html Thrall, L. (2015). Chinas Expanding African Relations Implications for U.S. National Security. Santa Monica, Calif: RAND Corporation. Tsui, A. S., Schoonhoven, C. B., Meyer, M. W., Lau, C. M., Milkovich, G. T. (2004). Organization and management in the midst of societal transformation. The People's Republic of China. Organization science, 15(2), 133-144. Wolf, M. (2016). Chinas future challenge for the world economy. Financial Times. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.ft.com/content/9bae5ce0-f1db-11e5-aff5-19b4e253664a Zhongying, P. (2016). What is China's role in global governance? Chin Daily. Retrieved 2 January 2017 from https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2016-12/21/content_27728534.htm Zhu, X. (2012). Understanding China's Growth: Past, Present, and Future. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 26(4), 103-24. 1

The Lost City Of Atlantis Essays - Atlantis, Plato,

The Lost City Of Atlantis I have discovered the long lost city of Atlantis. I am about 15 miles off the West Coast of the Hawaiian Islands. I have found many artifacts and a few buildings intact at the bottom of the ocean. I have found an extremely large building with many rooms that I believe to be a palace of some sort. I have also found gold, silver, and many other jewels inside of this building. I have found what I believe is the king in the largest room, which I believe, is a throne room. He was a very wealthy man with many loyal subjects. He must have been a very powerful leader; because, it looks as if his many subjects are worshipping him. This civilization is extremely advanced for I have discovered a library, a church, many chariots, what looks like a war room, and a slaves quarters. In the library, many scrolls and books were beyond legibility and preservation. I found a few that were legible and they appear to use ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. I was able to decipher a few passages and they read, In our Final Days of War the enemy is strong, but we are stronger and slowly destroying our enemy. Now our enemy wants a truce or he claims he will destroy us with the magic of their god. The only reason they say that we are still alive is that they require our advanced technology. They claim their god grows weary of our resistance, and will sink us to the bottom of the sea if we do not comply with their wishes. Eventhough, they threaten us we still fight on strong and will continue to fight until we are all dead. We will not forfeit our technology to such scum. I have not yet found any other legible recordings to try to decipher. This civilization is almost as advanced if not more advanced than the pilgrims were when they landed at Plymouth. As I go farther into this civilization and discover more I will record my findings and keep this record updated as much as possible. Mythology Essays